Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are a type of medicine used to reduce pain, swelling, and fever. People with conditions like headaches, arthritis, or muscle injuries might benefit from taking NSAIDs. NSAIDs work by blocking the action of enzymes called cyclooxygenase (COX), specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are responsible for producing prostaglandins, which are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, and fever in the body. By inhibiting COX enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, leading to less inflammation and pain. However, since prostaglandins also protect the stomach lining and support kidney function, this blocking can sometimes cause side effects like stomach irritation or kidney issues. Common NSAIDs include ibuprofen (like Advil) and naproxen (like Aleve). However, NSAIDs can have risks, like stomach pain, ulcers, or even bleeding if taken too much or for too long. To minimize these risks it is important to take NSAIDs on a full stomach. People with stomach problems, kidney disease, or a history of allergic reactions to NSAIDs should avoid them, and it’s always best to ask a doctor if you’re not sure.

Edited by Stephen Pinney MD December 9th, 2024