Open Fracture (Compound Fracture)

An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, happens when a broken bone pierces through the skin or when there is a deep wound exposing the fractured bone. This type of fracture often occurs in accidents like car crashes or falls from a significant height because of the strong force applied to the bone. Open fractures are more serious than regular (closed) fractures because they have a much higher chance of an infection, as bacteria can enter the wound and the injured bone. Open fractures also often take longer to heal.  

Diagnosing an Open Fracture

An open fracture is diagnosed by a doctor through a combination of looking at the injury and taking X-rays. They will check for signs like a visible wound where the bone is sticking out or broken skin near the fracture. The doctor will ask how the injury happened and examine the area to see how bad the damage is, including checking for swelling, bleeding, and whether the bone is out of place. X-rays are taken to get a clear picture of the broken bone and to see how severe the fracture is. If needed, other tests, like a CT scan, may be used to check for damage to nearby tissues, muscles, or blood vessels.

Treating an Open Fracture

Treating an open fracture usually involves surgery to clean the wound and fix the broken bone. First, doctors clean out dirt or bacteria from the wound to prevent infection. This is done by removing any obviously contaminated tissue and irrigating the open wound with sterile saline. Once the wound and area around the open fracture is deemed to be clean the surgeon might use metal screws, rods, or plates to hold the broken bone in place while it heals. Sometimes, they also use stitches or bandages to close the wound. After surgery, patients are given antibiotics to fight infections. Patients might need a cast or splint to protect the area. The open wound often needs to be checked regularly for signs of infection. If a wound or bone infection (osteomyelitis) is noted further surgery may be required. Physical therapy is often needed later to help the person regain strength and movement in the injured area.

Edited by Stephen Pinney MD, May 26th, 2026.